The AI Visibility ReportEdition 2026 Q3
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The AI
Visibility
Report

How the AI channel is quietly reshaping who your buyers choose - measured across 27,260 real answers from ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini and Perplexity, and published in full.

27,260 answers4 engines126 brands 58 industries35 markets Apr - Aug 2026
Measured across
ChatGPT
ChatGPT
Claude
Claude
Gemini
Gemini
Perplexity
Perplexity
Framing, narrative and questions adapt to the role you pick. Every figure, number and base stays identical.
00 · The story this quarter

Being recognised and being discovered are not the same number.

A narrative read of 27,260 answers collected between April and August 2026. It opens on the measurement problem, because every other finding depends on getting that right. Every claim links to the figure behind it.

Your buyers are being handed a shortlist, and you are probably not on it.

The commercial read of 27,260 measured AI answers. What it costs to be absent, and what it takes to change.

Every category we measure behaves the same way. A buyer describes a problem, an engine returns three to five names, and the comparison set is decided before anyone contacts anyone. If your name is not in that set, the loss never appears in a report. There is no bounce, no lost session, no line in the funnel. Demand simply goes elsewhere.

Two numbers frame the size of it. In over a quarter of our 204 measurements the brand was named in fewer than one answer in ten (Figure 4). And on the questions buyers ask before they know who you are, brands are named 28.4% of the time versus 77.3% when the question already contains their name (Figure 5). Most reported AI visibility is the second figure, and adding branded questions to a set lifts it without anything changing about the brand.

The uncomfortable part for planning: this is not a website project. The sources engines cite most are communities, review platforms and reference pages, not brand sites (Figure 7). And positions move when models update, without notice (Figure 10), so this is a standing operating cost rather than a one-off fix. The question for the board is not whether to believe in AI search. It is whether you can currently answer, with evidence, how often your company is named when your buyers ask.

Being recognised and being discovered are two different numbers.

A marketing read of 27,260 measured answers: what to report, what to ignore, and where the budget goes.

Some of the questions your buyers put to an AI already have your name in them. Most of them do not. The first group tells you whether you are recognised. The second decides whether you get found at all. Across our corpus the two are nowhere near each other: brands were named in 77.3% of answers to questions carrying their name, and 28.4% of answers to questions that did not (Figure 5).

Reported as one number, those two collapse into a figure that lands wherever the question mix puts it. That is what makes a single AI visibility score unsafe in a board deck: it moves when the questions move, and nobody in the room can see which of the two it is describing.

Then the engine problem. Gemini names brands in 41.9% of answers, Claude in 31.0% (Figure 1), and when a brand is visible anywhere the engines disagree 56.6% of the time (Figure 3). A vendor quoting one number without naming the engine has chosen an engine, and with it a number.

So where do the answers come from? The most-cited domains that clear our disclosure rule are communities, social platforms and review sites (Figure 7), and answers that failed to name the brand actually cited more sources on average, not fewer (Figure 9). Brand-identifying domains are excluded from that table, so read it as a view of the third-party layer. What the citation counts do not show is why an engine chose someone else.

Buyers arrive with a shortlist you never saw them make.

A revenue read: what prospects already believe when they reach you, and why two of them disagree.

By the time a conversation starts, an engine has usually already returned three to five names with reasons attached. The comparison set was built without you, and the buyer treats it as neutral because it did not feel like advertising.

This explains something field teams notice constantly: two prospects in the same week describe the category completely differently, and neither is misremembering. When a brand is visible at all, the engines disagree with each other 56.6% of the time (Figure 3). Different buyer, different engine, different shortlist.

Two things to use directly. When a prospect says they checked and you showed up, ask which engine - the odds are better than even that another one disagrees. And when they say AI got a fact wrong, that is a traceable source problem, not an opinion, which turns an awkward moment into a credible next step (Figure 7).

Your pages may already be the source layer engines read.

A product read: where listings, structured data and category pages sit inside the answer machine.

Most brands in this data are trying to get into answers. Platforms with deep inventory and category pages have a different starting position: engines already read them to answer questions about an entire category. Listing and dealer marketplaces sit above the corpus average at 36.5% visibility across 19 brands (Figure 12), and the pattern behind that is structural, not promotional.

That changes the product question. It is not only 'are we visible', it is 'is our content liftable'. Engines quote what they can parse cleanly: a question answered directly, facts in stable structure, pages that do not require a session to read. Anything that hides inventory behind interaction is invisible to the layer that now recommends it.

Two operational notes. Improvements land unevenly across engines because each reads a different source mix (Figure 1), so measure all four before and after a release. And model updates can move a number without any change on your side (Figure 10), which is why release measurement needs a frozen question set to be worth anything.

Most of your instincts transfer. The unit of success does not.

A practitioner read: what the mechanism actually is, what moves it, and what to stop optimising.

Retrieval, not ranking. Engines assemble an answer from sources they fetch and trust, then return three to five names. Technical health, useful content and third-party references all still feed that process, so the fundamentals carry over. What does not carry over is position thinking. There is no page two to climb from.

Treat the four engines as four retrieval systems, not one surface. The spread between the most and least generous is 10.9 points (Figure 1), and verdicts split more than half the time (Figure 3). Optimising against whichever engine you personally check is the fastest route to being confidently wrong.

The most useful diagnostic in this report is the citation layer. Answers where the brand was absent carried 10.26 cited domains on average against 9.07 where it was present (Figure 9). Absence is not an indexing problem. Pull the sources behind the specific answers you lose, and that list is your work order - mostly off your own domain (Figure 7).

This is an earned media scoreboard with a denominator.

A communications read: which third-party surfaces engines actually cite when they describe a brand.

For the first time there is a measurable answer to a question comms has always argued about: which coverage actually influences what buyers are told. Across 22,111 answers carrying citations, the sources cited most often are communities, social platforms, review sites and reference pages (Figure 7). Brand-owned material sits well below them.

Tone is not the risk here. Across classified mentions the unfavorable share is small on every engine (Figure 6). The risk is absence, and absence does not trigger any alert in a monitoring tool. A brand can hold a spotless sentiment score and be missing from the answer entirely.

The most actionable pattern: engines can hold different versions of a story at the same time, because they read different sources. Correcting a fact in one place does not correct it everywhere (Figure 3). Recurring errors almost always trace to a specific citable page - a stale profile, an old article, an unmaintained directory entry.

The AI channel stopped being a curiosity this quarter. ChatGPT crossed a billion weekly users in August, the advertising inside it reached a billion-dollar annualised run rate in under 200 days, and Walmart told investors that customers shopping with its AI assistant spend 40% more per order. Section 11 carries those ten events and where each one is reported. Channels that size get measured as a matter of course. So we measured this one. 27,260 answers put to ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini and Perplexity across five months, every one stored, so every number in this report can be re-derived rather than taken on trust.

Your buyers ask an AI two kinds of question. One kind already has your name in it: is this company any good, what do people say about them, are they worth the money. The other kind does not: who should I use for this, what are my options, who is best near me. Showing up in the first means you are recognised. Showing up in the second is the only thing that means you can be found by someone who has not heard of you. We put both kinds to all four engines, for the same brands, over the same five months. Brands were named in 77.3% of answers to the questions that carried their name, and 28.4% of the ones that did not (Figure 5).

Both numbers are real, and that is the problem. Report them as one figure and it lands wherever the question mix puts it, so a set weighted towards questions that already name the brand reads healthier without anything changing about the brand. It is the difference between measuring whether people like you and measuring whether people find you.

That gap matters because of what an AI answer is. A search engine returns a ranked list. An engine returns a recommendation, usually a handful of names, and there is no page two of an answer. So the question of where you rank became a narrower one of whether you are named at all, and then where you sit among the few that are. We report both: named, and named first.

Then the number you do report turns out not to be one number. Gemini names the measured brand in 41.9% of its answers and Claude in 31.0% (Figure 1). Among questions where the brand was named by any engine at all, the four failed to agree 56.6% of the time (Figure 3). More than half the questions where the brand appeared at all produced a mixed verdict rather than an agreed one.

The finding we did not expect is the one that reframes the problem. Answers that did not name the brand carried more citations on average, not fewer: 10.26 domains against 9.07 for answers that did (Figure 9). That comparison is not controlled for lane, engine or category, so read it as a signal rather than an effect size. It does not measure how much an engine retrieved, only how many domains it displayed. But the comfortable explanation, that absent brands sit in thinner source environments, is not what the displayed counts show.

So who is being cited instead? We logged 84,809 cited URLs across 29,157 domains, and the most-cited domains that clear our disclosure rule are communities, social networks and review sites (Figure 7). Brand-identifying domains are excluded from that table, so treat it as a view of the third-party layer rather than a ranking of every source. Presence on those platforms can be bought. Whether the citation can be is not something this corpus sees: we observe which sources an engine cited, never why it chose them.

And most brands are barely there. In over a quarter of our 204 measurements the brand was named in fewer than one answer in ten; in just over half, fewer than one in four (Figure 4). One measurement is one brand, its full question set, all four engines, and a brand measured more than once counts more than once, so this is the shape of the measurements, not the share of distinct brands.

And the ground moves underneath all of it. The model behind an answer changes, and across everything we measured the visibility rate under one snapshot and the next differs by up to twenty points (Figure 10). Hold the brand and the question constant and most of that gap disappears: on the questions we asked under both models, Gemini changed its verdict on 36 of 242 and Claude netted zero (Figure 11). Both views say the same thing about method: a number with no snapshot beside it cannot be re-checked.

Category and market rates differ widely. Wellness and organic retail brands are named in 77.1% of their answers; medical centres in 22.2% (Figure 12). Brands in Brazil sit at 69.0% and in London at 21.8% (Figure 19). Neither gap is a verdict on the brands, and this corpus cannot say why: brand mix, category mix and how much local source material exists are confounded in these rows. Pulling them apart needs a controlled comparison we have not run yet.

If there is a single sentence in this edition, it is this. The one place we can see directly into what an engine drew on, the citation table, is dominated by surfaces a brand does not own. We cannot see everything an engine read, and we cannot yet show what moves it. That is what the next edition is for.

01 · The big picture

These are our numbers. Yours are the ones still missing.

Everything below is an aggregate across the brands in our corpus. Every figure is derived from answers we collected, stored and read. No panel estimates, no modelled projections. Where a number cannot be re-derived from a stored answer, it is not in this report.

The exposure, in three numbers from other people's brands.

Three findings from the measured corpus, then the base they rest on. None of them is your company's result.

Market context, not your scorecard.

These are corpus rates and belong in a board deck as context only. Your own number needs your brand measured. When you have it, report it split, never blended.

What is happening before the first call.

These rates describe answers about the brands we measured, on the kinds of question a buyer asks before a first call. Not answers about you.

The supply side of the answer layer, quantified.

84,809 cited URLs is the size of the source pool engines drew from to answer these questions.

Reference rates, not your baseline.

Corpus-level rates across measured brands. Narrower reference rates by category and market are in sections 09 and 10. Your own baseline is whatever your first wave returns.

The measurable footprint of earned coverage.

29,157 distinct domains were read across the corpus. Section 07 shows which ones recur.

Whose numbers these are, and what they are for

These are observations across the brands we measured, not your company's results. This report does not establish your visibility rate: that needs your brand measured against a defined question set, on named engines, in a stated market and period. If you have not run a comparable measurement, your number is simply unknown. What these rates are good for is knowing what to measure and which distinctions not to collapse. What they are not is a target, an industry norm, or a prediction of where an unmeasured brand will land.

Branded77.3%Non-branded28.4%Visibility Rate when the question carried the brand name, versus when it did not. Across the four engines that second figure ranged 23.4% to 35.0%
57%of verdicts split - the four engines disagreed about the same brand on the same question
Brand absent10.26Brand named9.07domains cited per answer, when the brand was left out versus when it was named
What those findings are based on
27,260answers collected and read84,809cited URLs across 29,157 domains126brands measured58industries35marketsApr - Aug 2026collection window

What we mean by "the AI channel"

The set of AI assistants your buyers now ask before they ask you. It behaves like a channel because it has an inventory (the answer), a gatekeeper (retrieval), a currency (being named), and a measurable rate. It differs from every channel before it in one way: you cannot buy the placement. This report is what that rate looks like across the brands we measured.

The two rates this report uses

Visibility Rate is the share of answers in which the measured brand was named at all. #1 Pick Rate is the share in which it was the single leading recommendation. Both are plain counts over a stated base, never scores. Across the categories and markets published here, Visibility Rate ran 21.8% to 77.1%, which is why a single figure quoted without its base and its question type cannot be compared to anything.

How to read every number here

Each figure states its base. Percentages are published only where a slice clears 400+ answers and 5+ distinct brands for any published percentage. Slices below that threshold appear as counts, or not at all.

For the CEO / Founder

The one-line version

A channel your buyers already use is deciding your shortlist, it is measurable, and most companies in our corpus are absent from it. The cost of ignoring it is not a traffic dip you can see - it is demand that never arrives and never appears in a report.

For the CMO / Head of Marketing

Your number, defined

'AI visibility' is not one number. It is a rate, per engine, per question lane, against a frozen question set. Any figure quoted to you without those four things attached cannot be compared to anything - including itself next month.

For the CRO / Head of Sales

Why deals arrive pre-decided

Buyers who reach you through an AI answer arrive with a shortlist already formed and a reason already attached. Sections 03 and 05 explain why two prospects can describe your category completely differently.

For the CPO / Head of Product

Read the source tables first

Sections 07 and 09 matter most to you. Marketplace and directory domains appear repeatedly as the sources engines read for a whole category - which means product surfaces are supply for the answer layer, not just destinations.

For the Head of Growth / SEO

Where your existing work lands

Technical health, useful content and third-party references still matter - they are inputs here too. What changes is the unit of success: not a ranked list you sit somewhere on, but a 3-5 name answer you are in or absent from.

For the Head of Comms / PR

This is an earned-media scoreboard

The citation data in section 07 is the closest thing this field has to a measurement of which earned surfaces actually influence what buyers are told.

02 · Which AI names you most

Four engines. Four different standards.

Every brand in this corpus was asked about on all four engines, with the same questions, in the same wave. So any gap between the engines is the engines, not the brands. On the questions that have to be earned, Gemini names a brand in 35.0% of answers and Claude in 23.4%.

How to read the next figures

Figure 1 splits every engine by question type, because a blended figure hides the difference that matters. On branded questions, which already contain the brand name, all four engines name it most of the time. On earned questions, which a buyer asks before they know you exist, every engine drops by roughly 50 points. Figure 2 is how often a brand was the leading recommendation on those earned questions.

Visibility Rate, split by question type

Branded questionsEarned questions
ChatGPT - brandedChatGPT - branded: 81.8% · 1,480 answers81.8%1,480 answersChatGPT - earnedChatGPT - earned: 29.7% · 4,520 answers29.7%4,520 answersClaude - brandedClaude - branded: 69.2% · 1,480 answers69.2%1,480 answersClaude - earnedClaude - earned: 23.4% · 4,520 answers23.4%4,520 answersGemini - brandedGemini - branded: 81.8% · 1,480 answers81.8%1,480 answersGemini - earnedGemini - earned: 35.0% · 4,520 answers35.0%4,520 answersPerplexity - brandedPerplexity - branded: 76.4% · 1,480 answers76.4%1,480 answersPerplexity - earnedPerplexity - earned: 25.7% · 4,520 answers25.7%4,520 answers
Figure 1. Branded questions contain the brand name; earned questions do not. Base: 1,480 branded and 4,520 earned answers per engine, identical question sets per wave. Head-to-head and unclassified questions are excluded here and reported in section 05. Source: 28 Labs measurement corpus, Apr - Aug 2026. #fig-visibility-by-engine

#1 Pick Rate on earned questions, by engine

ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity
06111722ChatGPT: 15.7%15.7%ChatGPTClaude: 11.4%11.4%ClaudeGemini: 17.7%17.7%GeminiPerplexity: 11.7%11.7%Perplexity
Figure 2. Share of earned-question answers in which the measured brand was the leading recommendation. Base: 4,520 earned answers per engine. Source: 28 Labs measurement corpus, Apr - Aug 2026. #fig-pick-rate-by-engine

Method check, not a score

All four engines showed their sources at a near-identical rate (80.9% to 81.2% of 6,815 answers each), so no engine is over- or under-represented in the source analysis in section 07.

Why this is the most misused number in the category

A vendor quoting 'your AI visibility' without naming the engine, or without separating branded from earned questions, is quoting a figure that can move 50 points on composition alone. Any number is meaningful only beside its engine, its question type and its denominator.

For the CEO / Founder

The governance point

If an agency or vendor reports 'your AI visibility' as a single number, ask which engine. A 10.9-point spread between engines means the reported figure can be chosen rather than measured.

For the CMO / Head of Marketing

Budget implication

There is no single AI channel to buy. Four engines with different standards means measurement has to be multi-engine before any spend decision is defensible.

For the CRO / Head of Sales

Objection handling

When a prospect says 'we checked, we show up', ask where. More than half the time another engine gives a different verdict about the same brand.

For the CPO / Head of Product

Integration note

Each engine reads a different mix of sources, so a feed or schema change lands unevenly. Expect improvement to show on some engines before others - that is normal, not failure.

For the Head of Growth / SEO

Working assumption

Treat the engines as four different retrieval systems with different source appetites, not as one 'AI' surface with four skins. Optimising to whichever one you personally check is how teams end up confidently wrong.

For the Head of Comms / PR

Why coverage lands unevenly

The same press hit can move one engine and not another, because the engines do not read the same publications with the same weight.

03 · Why the four AIs disagree

When a brand is visible at all, the engines split 56.6% of the time.

We isolated every question put to all four engines where at least one engine named the brand, then asked whether the other three agreed.

Verdict agreement across the four engines

VerdictsVerdicts · Split - at least one engine disagreed: 1746 (56.6%)56.6%Verdicts · Unanimous - all four agreed: 1338 (43.4%)43.4%
Figure 3. Base: 6,420 questions asked to all four engines; 3,084 had at least one engine naming the brand (1,746 split, 1,338 unanimous). Source: 28 Labs measurement corpus, Apr - Aug 2026. #fig-verdict-agreement

The practical consequence

Single-engine measurement is not a smaller version of the truth - it is a different verdict more than half the time. A brand can be told it is 'visible in AI' and be invisible on the engine its buyer actually used.

For the CEO / Founder

The risk this creates

Among brands named by any engine at all, the four split their verdict 56.6% of the time. So a board number built on one engine is a number the other three would more often than not contradict. The exposure is not being invisible - it is believing you are visible when the engine your buyer actually used says otherwise.

For the CMO / Head of Marketing

What to standardise

Fix the engine set and the question set before you set a target. Changing either mid-programme makes the trend meaningless, and it is the most common way these numbers get quietly inflated.

For the CRO / Head of Sales

Field reality

Two buyers in the same week can be told entirely different things about your category. Neither is lying about what they saw.

For the CPO / Head of Product

QA implication

If you test AI answers about your product manually, test all four or you will ship fixes against a verdict that only one engine holds.

For the Head of Growth / SEO

Diagnostic value

Disagreement is a signal, not noise. Where one engine names you and three do not, the gap is usually in which sources each engine trusts - which is a workable lead.

For the Head of Comms / PR

Message consistency

Different engines can hold different versions of your story simultaneously. Correcting a fact in one place does not correct it everywhere.

04 · How few brands get named

Most brands are barely there in their buyers' AI answers.

We measured brands 204 times this year. Each time: the brand's full question set, all four engines, then a count of how often the brand was named. Here is how those 204 results landed. Just over half were named in fewer than one answer in four.

How often the brand was named, per measurement

under 1 in 10under 1 in 10: 27.5% · 56 of 204 measurements27.5%56 of 204 measurements1 in 10 to 1 in 41 in 10 to 1 in 4: 24.0% · 49 of 204 measurements24.0%49 of 204 measurements1 in 4 to half1 in 4 to half: 25.5% · 52 of 204 measurements25.5%52 of 204 measurementshalf to 3 in 4half to 3 in 4: 13.7% · 28 of 204 measurements13.7%28 of 204 measurementsover 3 in 4over 3 in 4: 9.3% · 19 of 204 measurements9.3%19 of 204 measurements
Figure 4. Each bar is how many of the measurements landed in that range. Read the top bar as: in 56 of 204 measurements (27.5%), the brand was named in fewer than one answer in ten. One measurement is one brand, its full question set, all four engines (we call it a wave). A brand measured more than once counts more than once, so this is not the share of distinct brands. Base: 204 measurements of 40+ answers each. Source: 28 Labs measurement corpus, Apr - Aug 2026. #fig-visibility-ranges

Not a forecast for your brand

Your number is unknown until it is measured. What this shows is the base rate across the brands we did measure, and the base rate is low.

For the CEO / Founder

What this says about an unmeasured brand

Just over half of our 204 measurements found the brand named in fewer than one answer in four. That is the shape of this corpus, not a forecast for your company: until your brand is measured, your rate is genuinely unknown. What it does say is that a strong result is uncommon enough not to assume.

For the CMO / Head of Marketing

Before you set a target

You cannot set one without a baseline, and this distribution is not your baseline. What it does show is that strong results were rare across the brands we measured, so a plan promising category leadership inside a quarter is not grounded in anything in this corpus.

For the CRO / Head of Sales

Qualifying question

Ask a prospect where they think they sit. The gap between their guess and their measurement is usually the whole conversation.

For the CPO / Head of Product

What this figure does and does not show

It pools all 204 measurements across the whole corpus, so it shows how rare a strong result is overall. It does not show how mentions are divided between competitors inside a single category. Per-category rates are in section 09.

For the Head of Growth / SEO

Effort allocation

The distribution is steep, so the first moves matter more than the last ones. Getting named at all is a different problem from getting named first.

For the Head of Comms / PR

Narrative angle

'Most of our category is invisible in AI answers' is a defensible, checkable line - and it reframes a category conversation rather than making a self-claim.

05 · Your name vs your category

Being found when they type your name is not the same as being recommended.

Questions divide into lanes. Branded questions already contain the brand name - appearing there is close to given. Earned questions are the ones a buyer asks before they know who you are, and they behave completely differently.

Visibility Rate and #1 Pick Rate, by question type

Visibility Rate#1 Pick Rate
Branded questions - Visibility RateBranded questions - Visibility Rate: 77.3% · 5,920 answers77.3%5,920 answersBranded questions - #1 Pick RateBranded questions - #1 Pick Rate: 45.5%45.5%Earned questions - Visibility RateEarned questions - Visibility Rate: 28.4% · 18,080 answers28.4%18,080 answersEarned questions - #1 Pick RateEarned questions - #1 Pick Rate: 14.1%14.1%Head-to-head - Visibility RateHead-to-head - Visibility Rate: 14.7% · 936 answers14.7%936 answersHead-to-head - #1 Pick RateHead-to-head - #1 Pick Rate: 7.5%7.5%
Figure 5. Branded questions name the brand in the question; earned questions do not; head-to-head questions pit named competitors against each other. Base: 24,936 classified answers. Source: 28 Labs measurement corpus, Apr - Aug 2026. #fig-lanes

The number that matters

A 77% branded visibility rate reported without its lane is the most flattering, least useful figure in this field. The earned lane - 28.4% named, 14.1% top pick - is where buying decisions that do not yet involve you are made.

For the CEO / Founder

The distinction that matters

Being found when someone types your name is brand recall, and you already paid for it. Being recommended when they describe a problem is new demand. Only the second one grows the business.

For the CMO / Head of Marketing

Reporting discipline

Never report a blended visibility number. Report branded and earned separately, always. A blended figure moves when the question mix changes, which makes it useless as a trend.

For the CRO / Head of Sales

Pipeline meaning

Branded-lane visibility protects deals already in motion. Earned-lane visibility creates deals you never sourced.

For the CPO / Head of Product

Feature framing

Category and comparison surfaces feed the earned lane; brand pages feed the branded lane. Most roadmaps over-invest in the second.

For the Head of Growth / SEO

Where the work is

The earned lane is 28.4% named and 14.1% top pick. That is the number worth a programme. The branded lane mostly needs protecting, not building.

For the Head of Comms / PR

Earned lane, literally

This lane is where third-party coverage does its work. Branded questions are answered from your own material; earned questions are answered from everyone else's.

06 · What AI says about you

When engines do name you, they are rarely negative.

Every visible mention is classified favorable, neutral or unfavorable. Across 26,011 classified answers the pattern is consistent: the risk in this channel is absence, not criticism.

Sentiment of visible mentions, by engine

FavorableNeutralUnfavorable
ChatGPTChatGPT · Favorable: 2129 (89.6%)89.6%ChatGPT · Neutral: 199 (8.4%)ChatGPT · Unfavorable: 49 (2.1%)ClaudeClaude · Favorable: 1740 (89.2%)89.2%Claude · Neutral: 166 (8.5%)Claude · Unfavorable: 44 (2.3%)GeminiGemini · Favorable: 2506 (94.4%)94.4%Gemini · Neutral: 121 (4.6%)Gemini · Unfavorable: 29 (1.1%)PerplexityPerplexity · Favorable: 1847 (86.3%)86.3%Perplexity · Neutral: 245 (11.4%)11.4%Perplexity · Unfavorable: 48 (2.2%)
Figure 6. Base: 9,123 classified visible mentions. Source: 28 Labs measurement corpus, Apr - Aug 2026. #fig-sentiment-by-engine

Read this the right way

Low unfavorable rates are not a clean bill of health. They describe only the answers where the brand appeared at all - the brands most at risk generate too few mentions to be criticised in the first place.

For the CEO / Founder

Where the risk actually is

Not reputation - absence. Unfavorable mentions are rare across the corpus. The exposure is being left out of the answer entirely, which no monitoring tool flags as a problem.

For the CMO / Head of Marketing

Careful with this slide

High favorability looks like good news in a board deck and means almost nothing on its own. It only describes answers where you already appeared.

For the CRO / Head of Sales

Battlecard note

If a prospect says 'AI said something wrong about us', that is usually a source problem with a traceable origin, not an opinion problem.

For the CPO / Head of Product

Watch for stale facts

Where sentiment is neutral rather than favorable, it is often because the engine is describing outdated product information rather than judging you.

For the Head of Growth / SEO

Low priority signal

Unless a specific wrong fact keeps recurring, sentiment work is a poor use of effort next to presence work.

For the Head of Comms / PR

Your actual job here

Correcting recurring factual errors is higher value than tone management, because a wrong fact propagates across engines through the sources they share.

07 · Where AI gets its answers

The most-cited sources are places you do not own.

Across 22,111 answers carrying citation data we logged 84,809 cited URLs from 29,157 distinct domains. Community, social and review platforms dominate the top of the list - brand websites appear far below them.

Most-cited third-party domains

youtube.comyoutube.com: 2686 · Community / video2686Community / videoreddit.comreddit.com: 2650 · Community2650Communityfacebook.comfacebook.com: 2110 · Social2110Socialinstagram.cominstagram.com: 1139 · Social1139Sociallinkedin.comlinkedin.com: 1007 · Professional1007Professionalyelp.comyelp.com: 875 · Reviews875Reviewsen.wikipedia.orgen.wikipedia.org: 847 · Reference847Referencetrustpilot.comtrustpilot.com: 740 · Reviews740Reviewsplay.google.complay.google.com: 496 · App store496App storebbb.orgbbb.org: 475 · Reviews475Reviewsapps.apple.comapps.apple.com: 466 · App store466App store
Figure 7. Client-owned domains and search-infrastructure redirect hosts excluded. Base: 22,111 answers with citation data. Source: 28 Labs measurement corpus, Apr - Aug 2026. #fig-top-domains

Share of each domain's citations that appear on answers where the brand was named

play.google.complay.google.com: 63.9% · App store63.9%App storeapps.apple.comapps.apple.com: 59.0% · App store59.0%App storetrustpilot.comtrustpilot.com: 57.8% · Reviews57.8%Reviewsinstagram.cominstagram.com: 52.2% · Social52.2%Socialyoutube.comyoutube.com: 48.4% · Community / video48.4%Community / videofacebook.comfacebook.com: 43.0% · Social43.0%Socialreddit.comreddit.com: 42.6% · Community42.6%Communitylinkedin.comlinkedin.com: 40.4% · Professional40.4%Professionalbbb.orgbbb.org: 37.5% · Reviews37.5%Reviewsen.wikipedia.orgen.wikipedia.org: 31.4% · Reference31.4%Referenceyelp.comyelp.com: 20.3% · Reviews20.3%Reviews
Figure 8. A high share means the source tends to appear alongside brands that get recommended; a low share means the engine reads it while recommending someone else. Not a causal claim. Source: 28 Labs measurement corpus, Apr - Aug 2026. #fig-domains-visible-share

Average number of domains cited per answer

Answers where the brand WAS namedAnswers where the brand WAS named: 9.07 · 7,678 answers9.077,678 answersAnswers where it was NOT namedAnswers where it was NOT named: 10.26 · 13,196 answers10.2613,196 answers
Figure 9. Answers that did not name the brand cited slightly MORE sources on average, not fewer - invisibility is not caused by the engine reading less. Source: 28 Labs measurement corpus, Apr - Aug 2026. #fig-cites-per-answer

Which engine is doing the citing

The table above blends four engines that do not read the same web. On this window Instagram was cited by Perplexity 1,288 times and by Gemini never; LinkedIn by Perplexity 914 times and by Gemini never. Reddit and YouTube run the other way, with Gemini among the heaviest citers. Every Instagram citation is a direct instagram.com post, reel or profile URL the engine returned as a source, not a page that mentions Instagram. One method note: Claude's rows are the pages its search returned, not citations it attached to the answer, so they describe what it looked at rather than what it credited.

The practical reading

Five of the eight most-cited domains here are platforms a brand does not own: communities, reviews and reference pages. Brand-identifying domains are excluded from this table under the disclosure rule, so read it as a view of the third-party layer, not a ranking of every source. Presence on those platforms can be bought. Whether the citation can be is not something this corpus sees: we observe which sources an engine cited, never why.

For the CEO / Founder

Why this is not a website project

Five of the eight most-cited sources are places you cannot buy or control. Budget that assumes this is fixed on your own site is aimed at a minority of the inputs.

For the CMO / Head of Marketing

Channel implication

Community, review and social surfaces are doing measurable work in the answer layer. That reframes them from awareness channels to supply for the recommendation engine.

For the CRO / Head of Sales

Useful in the room

Showing a prospect which specific sources produced the answer that excluded them lands harder than any score.

For the CPO / Head of Product

The marketplace insight

Marketplace and listing domains appear in this table as sources for whole categories. If that is your product, you are already part of the answer layer - the question is whether your pages are structured for engines to lift cleanly.

For the Head of Growth / SEO

The actionable table

Work the citation list for your own category, not this global one. The pattern to look for is which sources appear on answers where competitors are named and you are not.

For the Head of Comms / PR

Prioritisation

This is your target list. Reviews, communities and reference pages are cited more than brand sites - so placement, participation and accuracy on those surfaces is the work.

08 · What happens when AI updates

Answers reshuffle when the model underneath changes - by less than the raw numbers suggest.

We record the model snapshot behind every answer. Two views of the same change: the raw difference across everything we measured under each snapshot, and the stricter one where the same brand's same question was asked under both.

Visibility Rate by model snapshot, within engine - raw difference

ChatGPTgpt-5-search-api: 31.0%chat-latest: 43.0%43.0%from 31.0% · +12.0 ptsClaudeclaude-sonnet-4-6: 28.1%claude-sonnet-5: 34.0%34.0%from 28.1% · +5.9 ptsGeminigemini-2.5-flash: 29.1%gemini-3.5-flash: 50.5%50.5%from 29.1% · +21.4 ptsPerplexitysonar-pro: 26.6%sonar: 38.1%38.1%from 26.6% · +11.5 pts
Figure 10. Open circle = earlier snapshot, filled = later; the label is the difference in points. Not a controlled comparison: the two snapshots cover different brands, questions and dates, so most of this gap is composition, not the model. The next figure removes two of those three. Base: 15,452 answers carrying snapshot data. Source: 28 Labs measurement corpus, Apr - Aug 2026. #fig-model-snapshots

Same brand, same question, new model: answers that changed verdict

Newly named the brandDropped the brand
ChatGPT - gainedChatGPT - gained: 26 · of 245 matched questions26of 245 matched questionsChatGPT - lostChatGPT - lost: 1616Claude - gainedClaude - gained: 13 · of 245 matched questions13of 245 matched questionsClaude - lostClaude - lost: 1313Gemini - gainedGemini - gained: 27 · of 242 matched questions27of 242 matched questionsGemini - lostGemini - lost: 99Perplexity - gainedPerplexity - gained: 26 · of 245 matched questions26of 245 matched questionsPerplexity - lostPerplexity - lost: 77
Figure 11. Only the questions we hold under both snapshots for the same brand and engine, so brand and question are held constant; dates still differ. Gemini re-decided 36 of 242 answers and netted +18. Claude re-decided 26 and netted zero. This slice is three brands, below our publication gate, so it is shown as counts and no percentage is published from it. Source: 28 Labs measurement corpus, Apr - Aug 2026. #fig-model-snapshots-matched

Why one-off checks expire

A screenshot of an AI answer is true for one model version on one day. The measurement discipline that survives model change is a frozen question set, re-run on a schedule, with the snapshot recorded beside every answer. That is also the only way to tell a model change from a question change.

For the CEO / Founder

Why this is a standing cost, not a project

Positions move when models change, without notice. A one-off audit expires; the programme that holds position is a recurring measurement, not a fix.

For the CMO / Head of Marketing

Plan for it

Budget for re-measurement on a schedule. A number without a date beside it is not a number you can manage.

For the CRO / Head of Sales

Renewal logic

This is the honest reason measurement is ongoing rather than one-and-done - and it is checkable, not a retention argument.

For the CPO / Head of Product

Release planning

Model updates can undo or amplify a shipped improvement. Measure before and after a release against the same question set.

For the Head of Growth / SEO

Method requirement

Freeze the question set and record the model snapshot beside every answer, or you will not be able to tell your work from the model's.

For the Head of Comms / PR

Timing note

A model update is a legitimate news hook and a legitimate reason to re-check what engines say about you.

09 · Your industry

We measured 58 industries. Six are deep enough to publish a rate.

The method is the same in every industry: the brand's buyer questions, all four engines, a count of who gets named. What differs is how many brands we have measured in each. Most of the 58 industries carry one or two brands so far, and a rate from one or two brands would identify them, so those appear only in the totals. The six below each carry seven or more brands, and the spread between them is the point: wellness and organic retail brands are named in 77.1% of their answers, medical centres in 22.2%. Same method, a 55-point gap.

Visibility Rate, by industry

Wellness & organic retailWellness & organic retail: 77.1% · 12 brands · 1,120 answers77.1%12 brands · 1,120 answersB2C marketplacesB2C marketplaces: 42.1% · 11 brands · 2,764 answers42.1%11 brands · 2,764 answersB2B marketplacesB2B marketplaces: 28.5% · 8 brands · 1,920 answers28.5%8 brands · 1,920 answersDermatologyDermatology: 27.5% · 7 brands · 560 answers27.5%7 brands · 560 answersAesthetic clinicsAesthetic clinics: 25.3% · 24 brands · 1,920 answers25.3%24 brands · 1,920 answersMedical centresMedical centres: 22.2% · 8 brands · 640 answers22.2%8 brands · 640 answers
Figure 18. Visibility Rate ranged 22.2% to 77.1% across the category families shown. Industries shown are those clearing the gate (400+ answers and 5+ distinct brands for any published percentage). 52 further industries were measured but did not clear it and are excluded rather than published thin. Source: 28 Labs measurement corpus, Apr - Aug 2026. #fig-industry-overview

Industry chapters

B2C marketplaces - Visibility Rate by engine

ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity
014294357ChatGPT: 39.9%39.9%ChatGPTClaude: 42.8%42.8%ClaudeGemini: 45.7%45.7%GeminiPerplexity: 39.8%39.8%Perplexity
Figure 12. Base: 2,764 answers across 11 brands. Category average 42.1%. Source: 28 Labs measurement corpus, Apr - Aug 2026. #fig-ind-b2c-marketplaces

B2B marketplaces - Visibility Rate by engine

ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity
012253850ChatGPT: 30.8%30.8%ChatGPTClaude: 18.1%18.1%ClaudeGemini: 40.0%40.0%GeminiPerplexity: 25.2%25.2%Perplexity
Figure 13. Base: 1,920 answers across 8 brands. Category average 28.5%. Source: 28 Labs measurement corpus, Apr - Aug 2026. #fig-ind-b2b-marketplaces

Aesthetic clinics - Visibility Rate by engine

ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity
09182736ChatGPT: 29.0%29.0%ChatGPTClaude: 17.9%17.9%ClaudeGemini: 28.5%28.5%GeminiPerplexity: 25.6%25.6%Perplexity
Figure 14. Base: 1,920 answers across 24 brands. Category average 25.3%. Source: 28 Labs measurement corpus, Apr - Aug 2026. #fig-ind-aesthetic-clinics

Wellness & organic retail - Visibility Rate by engine

ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity
0275380106ChatGPT: 77.5%77.5%ChatGPTClaude: 76.4%76.4%ClaudeGemini: 85.0%85.0%GeminiPerplexity: 69.6%69.6%Perplexity
Figure 15. Base: 1,120 answers across 12 brands. Category average 77.1%. Source: 28 Labs measurement corpus, Apr - Aug 2026. #fig-ind-wellness-and-organic-retail

Medical centres - Visibility Rate by engine

ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity
08162432ChatGPT: 25.6%25.6%ChatGPTClaude: 15.6%15.6%ClaudeGemini: 24.4%24.4%GeminiPerplexity: 23.1%23.1%Perplexity
Figure 16. Base: 640 answers across 8 brands. Category average 22.2%. Source: 28 Labs measurement corpus, Apr - Aug 2026. #fig-ind-medical-centres

Dermatology - Visibility Rate by engine

ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity
011223345ChatGPT: 35.0%35.0%ChatGPTClaude: 10.0%10.0%ClaudeGemini: 35.7%35.7%GeminiPerplexity: 29.3%29.3%Perplexity
Figure 17. Base: 560 answers across 7 brands. Category average 27.5%. Source: 28 Labs measurement corpus, Apr - Aug 2026. #fig-ind-dermatology
For the CEO / Founder

Benchmark your own category

A 55-point spread between categories means cross-industry comparisons are meaningless. Only compare yourself to your own category's base rate.

For the CMO / Head of Marketing

Set expectations from your row

Find your category. That number, not the global average, is the honest baseline for a target.

For the CRO / Head of Sales

Prospecting angle

Categories at the bottom of this chart are where the gap between belief and reality is widest.

For the CPO / Head of Product

Where marketplaces sit

Marketplace categories score above average, largely because the marketplaces themselves are cited as sources - a structural advantage worth defending deliberately.

For the Head of Growth / SEO

Diagnostic

Categories with rich third-party source ecosystems score higher. If your category has thin coverage, source creation is the constraint, not on-site work.

For the Head of Comms / PR

Coverage density shows up here

Categories with active review platforms and editorial guides produce higher visibility across every brand in them.

10 · Your market

The same brand can be visible in one market and invisible in another.

We measured brands in 35 markets. Six carry enough brands to publish a rate without identifying any of them; the rest are in the totals only. Visibility Rate runs from 69.0% in Brazil to 21.8% in London. These are reference rates for the brands we measured in each market, not norms for the market itself, and the corpus cannot separate market effects from the brand and category mix inside them.

Visibility Rate, by market

BrazilBrazil: 69.0% · 5 brands · 1,624 answers69.0%5 brands · 1,624 answersUnited KingdomUnited Kingdom: 51.4% · 11 brands · 1,120 answers51.4%11 brands · 1,120 answersUAE (national)UAE (national): 43.5% · 9 brands · 1,640 answers43.5%9 brands · 1,640 answersUnited StatesUnited States: 31.1% · 21 brands · 4,368 answers31.1%21 brands · 4,368 answersDubaiDubai: 29.1% · 28 brands · 3,424 answers29.1%28 brands · 3,424 answersLondonLondon: 21.8% · 18 brands · 1,920 answers21.8%18 brands · 1,920 answers
Figure 25. Visibility Rate ranged 21.8% to 69.0% across the markets shown. Markets clearing the gate (400+ answers and 5+ distinct brands for any published percentage). Market labels follow the market definition used in each measurement programme, so city and country scopes both appear. Source: 28 Labs measurement corpus, Apr - Aug 2026. #fig-market-overview

Market chapters

United States - Visibility Rate by engine

ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity
012253750ChatGPT: 32.9%32.9%ChatGPTClaude: 24.1%24.1%ClaudeGemini: 39.7%39.7%GeminiPerplexity: 27.7%27.7%Perplexity
Figure 19. Base: 4,368 answers across 21 brands. Market average 31.1%. Source: 28 Labs measurement corpus, Apr - Aug 2026. #fig-mkt-united-states

Dubai - Visibility Rate by engine

ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity
011213243ChatGPT: 31.7%31.7%ChatGPTClaude: 21.7%21.7%ClaudeGemini: 34.3%34.3%GeminiPerplexity: 28.5%28.5%Perplexity
Figure 20. Base: 3,424 answers across 28 brands. Market average 29.1%. Source: 28 Labs measurement corpus, Apr - Aug 2026. #fig-mkt-dubai

London - Visibility Rate by engine

ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity
08172534ChatGPT: 25.2%25.2%ChatGPTClaude: 16.0%16.0%ClaudeGemini: 26.9%26.9%GeminiPerplexity: 19.2%19.2%Perplexity
Figure 21. Base: 1,920 answers across 18 brands. Market average 21.8%. Source: 28 Labs measurement corpus, Apr - Aug 2026. #fig-mkt-london

UAE (national) - Visibility Rate by engine

ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity
016324965ChatGPT: 52.0%52.0%ChatGPTClaude: 31.7%31.7%ClaudeGemini: 42.9%42.9%GeminiPerplexity: 47.6%47.6%Perplexity
Figure 22. Base: 1,640 answers across 9 brands. Market average 43.5%. Source: 28 Labs measurement corpus, Apr - Aug 2026. #fig-mkt-uae-national

Brazil - Visibility Rate by engine

ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity
024497397ChatGPT: 58.9%58.9%ChatGPTClaude: 77.8%77.8%ClaudeGemini: 73.6%73.6%GeminiPerplexity: 65.8%65.8%Perplexity
Figure 23. Base: 1,624 answers across 5 brands. Market average 69.0%. Source: 28 Labs measurement corpus, Apr - Aug 2026. #fig-mkt-brazil

United Kingdom - Visibility Rate by engine

ChatGPTClaudeGeminiPerplexity
019385776ChatGPT: 51.4%51.4%ChatGPTClaude: 45.7%45.7%ClaudeGemini: 60.7%60.7%GeminiPerplexity: 47.9%47.9%Perplexity
Figure 24. Base: 1,120 answers across 11 brands. Market average 51.4%. Source: 28 Labs measurement corpus, Apr - Aug 2026. #fig-mkt-united-kingdom
For the CEO / Founder

Expansion planning

Visibility does not travel with the brand. Entering a market means earning the answer layer in that market, in that language.

For the CMO / Head of Marketing

Localisation implication

A global content programme does not produce global visibility. The engines read local sources for local questions.

For the CRO / Head of Sales

Territory reality

The same pitch lands differently by market because the engines are telling buyers different things in each one.

For the CPO / Head of Product

Regional feeds

Local marketplace and directory presence is doing heavy lifting in the stronger markets.

For the Head of Growth / SEO

Where the gap comes from

Market differences track the density of local source material more than brand strength.

For the Head of Comms / PR

Local earned media matters more here

Local publications and guides are cited disproportionately for local questions.

11 · Top 10 AI channel moves

Ten things happened this quarter that change what your buyers get told.

Every entry is a real, dated, externally sourced event between 1 July - 31 August 2026, paired with what our own corpus measured on the same question. Nobody else can publish the second half.

Ten things happened this quarter that change what your buyers get told.

Every entry is a real, dated, externally sourced event between 1 July - 31 August 2026, paired with what our own corpus measured on the same question. Nobody else can publish the second half.

Ten things happened this quarter that change what your buyers get told.

Every entry is a real, dated, externally sourced event between 1 July - 31 August 2026, paired with what our own corpus measured on the same question. Nobody else can publish the second half.

Ten things happened this quarter that change what your buyers get told.

Every entry is a real, dated, externally sourced event between 1 July - 31 August 2026, paired with what our own corpus measured on the same question. Nobody else can publish the second half.

Ten things happened this quarter that change what your buyers get told.

Every entry is a real, dated, externally sourced event between 1 July - 31 August 2026, paired with what our own corpus measured on the same question. Nobody else can publish the second half.

Ten things happened this quarter that change what your buyers get told.

Every entry is a real, dated, externally sourced event between 1 July - 31 August 2026, paired with what our own corpus measured on the same question. Nobody else can publish the second half.

Ten things happened this quarter that change what your buyers get told.

Every entry is a real, dated, externally sourced event between 1 July - 31 August 2026, paired with what our own corpus measured on the same question. Nobody else can publish the second half.

Why this section exists

Most AI news is written for people who build models. This is the same quarter read for people who sell things: what moved, and what it does to whether you get named. Every entry is a real, dated, externally sourced event inside the quarter, paired with what our own corpus measured on the same question. Where we have no measurement that speaks to an event, the event is not in the list.

1
1 July 2026

Being cited stopped being free

Cloudflare stopped charging AI companies per page fetched and started paying publishers when their content actually shows up inside an answer.

What we measured, and where this is reported
What we measured

Citation is the thing now being priced, and our corpus says it is not distributed the way people assume. We logged 84,809 cited URLs across 29,157 domains. The part that surprises every room we show it to: answers that did not name the measured brand carried more citations on average (10.26 domains) than answers that did (9.07). Base: 20,874 answers carrying citation data. Invisibility is not the engine reading less. It is the engine reading other people.

Cloudflare replaced its pay-per-crawl model with one that pays publishers when their content actually shows up inside an answer, not when a bot fetches the page. It also told AI companies to separate their search crawlers from their training and agent crawlers by 15 September or be blocked by default on ad-supported pages. Cloudflare's stated reason: more than half of AI crawler traffic was re-fetching pages that had not changed.

SourceTechCrunch, 1 July 2026

2
22 July 2026

France switched on, and set the price of switching on

Google switched on AI Overviews and AI Mode in France, the last big European holdout, by agreeing to pay publishers for AI impressions.

What we measured, and where this is reported
What we measured

A market switching on is a market whose base rate resets. Our corpus already shows how far apart markets sit under identical method: brands in Brazil are named in 69.0% of answers (5 brands, 1,624 answers) and brands in London in 21.8% (18 brands, 1,920 answers). A 47-point spread is why a market switching on can reset a whole competitive landscape. What our corpus cannot do is isolate the cause - brand mix, category mix and local source availability are confounded across these rows.

Google turned on both AI Overviews and AI Mode in France, the last big European holdout, after committing to three things for news publishers: an opt-out, separate reporting for AI impressions, and remuneration under neighbouring-rights law. France had fined Google 500m euros in 2021 and 250m euros in 2024 over publisher compensation.

SourcePPC Land, July 2026 · Clever Age analysis

3
22 July and 3 August 2026

The source layer got litigated on two fronts

News Corp sued Brave over disguised crawlers, and days later a judge refused to throw out Reddit's scraping case against Perplexity.

What we measured, and where this is reported
What we measured

This is a fight over the exact surfaces our corpus says the engines actually read. Community and social platforms dominate our citation table, not brand websites: reddit.com is the second most cited domain we log, at 2,650 citations, and answers citing it named the measured brand 42.6% of the time. Every one of the five most-cited domains in this edition is a platform someone else owns.

News Corp sued Brave on 22 July, alleging it disguised crawlers to get past publisher blocks and resold near-verbatim news summaries to AI firms. Twelve days later a federal judge refused to throw out Reddit's scraping case against Perplexity and SerpApi, letting the DMCA anti-circumvention and civil conspiracy claims proceed.

SourcePress Gazette, AI deals and lawsuits tracker · Reuters via TradingView, August 2026

4
24 July 2026

The model underneath your answer changed again

Anthropic shipped Claude Opus 5, its fourth Claude 5 release in under two months, and made it the default on its top consumer tier.

What we measured, and where this is reported
What we measured

We record the model snapshot behind every answer, so we can see what that does to a verdict. Inside Claude, visibility ran at 28.1% on the claude-sonnet-4-6 snapshot and 34.0% on claude-sonnet-5 (bases 552 and 3,311). We label that comparison uncontrolled - different questions, different dates - but the direction is not in doubt. A screenshot of an AI answer is true for one model version on one day.

Anthropic shipped Claude Opus 5, its fourth Claude 5 release in under two months, and made it the default on its top consumer tier. The pattern across all four labs this quarter was the same: not one blockbuster launch, but continuous replacement of the model answering the question.

SourceAxios, 24 July 2026 · Anthropic

5
6 August 2026

ChatGPT passed a billion weekly users and took the meter off the free tier

OpenAI took the limits off free ChatGPT text chats just as the product crossed a billion weekly users.

What we measured, and where this is reported
What we measured

Reach and generosity are different things, and boards routinely conflate them. On the questions a buyer asks before they know you exist, ChatGPT named the measured brand in 29.7% of answers - below Gemini's 35.0%, on the same questions, in the same wave (4,520 earned answers per engine). The biggest audience is not the easiest room.

OpenAI removed text chat limits for every user, made GPT-5.6 Luna the default for Free and Go, and added a Think button for harder questions. TechCrunch reported the product had just crossed one billion weekly users. OpenAI's own evaluation claimed factual errors down 62% for the new default against GPT-5.5-Instant.

SourceTechCrunch, 6 August 2026

6
7 August 2026

Budgets moved before the measurement did

A survey of 343 US marketing decision-makers put about 24% of search and content budget into AI visibility work.

What we measured, and where this is reported
What we measured

Money is moving against a number most teams are quoting in its flattering form. Split the questions and it breaks in half: 77.3% visibility on branded questions that already contain the brand name (5,920 answers), 28.4% on the earned questions a buyer asks first (18,080 answers). Almost every impressive AI visibility figure in circulation is the first number quoted without the second.

Digiday published a set of five studies on how marketers are funding visibility inside AI answers. In the underlying survey of 343 US marketing decision-makers, respondents put about 24% of search or content budget into AI visibility work; 82% had allocated something, and 43% were putting more than a fifth of the budget behind it.

SourceDigiday, 7 August 2026

7
11, 18 and 31 August 2026

The answer became ad inventory, in your markets

ChatGPT Ads launched in five more countries, then 31 European ones, and hit a $1bn annualised run rate inside 200 days.

What we measured, and where this is reported
What we measured

Two of the five markets that got ads on 11 August are markets already in this corpus, which means we hold their pre-ad base rates. Brands in Brazil were named in 69.0% of answers (5 brands, 1,624 answers) and in the United Kingdom in 51.4% (11 brands, 1,120 answers). That is the organic baseline the paid layer now sits beside. The distinction worth holding: you can buy the ad, you still cannot buy the recommendation.

ChatGPT Ads left the United States. On 11 August it launched in the United Kingdom, Mexico, Brazil, Japan and South Korea; on 18 August OpenAI announced expansion across 31 European countries. Forbes reported on 31 August that the ad business had reached a $1bn annualised run rate in under 200 days. Ads are labelled, sit outside the answer, and appear only on the free and Go tiers.

SourcegHacks, 13 August 2026 · OpenAI, ChatGPT Ads expands across Europe · Forbes, 31 August 2026

8
26 August 2026

The assistant moved into the system of record

Salesforce made Claude its reasoning engine and shipped Salesforce into Claude as a plugin with 37 prebuilt sales skills.

What we measured, and where this is reported
What we measured

Head-to-head questions are the ones where a buyer has already got two names in mind and asks which is better. The measured brand is almost never one of those two names - it has to earn its way into a conversation that is already anchored elsewhere, and it manages it 14.7% of the time, taking the top slot in 7.5%. Against ordinary earned questions at 28.4% and 14.1%, appearing is roughly twice as hard once the buyer has names. Base: 936 head-to-head answers. This is the question shape most likely to be automated next.

Salesforce and Anthropic announced Claudeforce, putting Claude into Salesforce as a reasoning engine and Salesforce into Claude as a plugin with 37 prebuilt sales skills. Open beta was flagged for September. For B2B, this is the quarter's most consequential move: the comparison question stops being something a buyer types into a chat window and becomes something an agent runs inside a workflow.

SourceSalesforce, 26 August 2026 · VentureBeat

9
27 August 2026

A retailer finally put numbers on assistant-led buying

Walmart told investors that customers who shop with its AI assistant spend 40% more per order.

What we measured, and where this is reported
What we measured

The recommendation surface is moving inside the retailer, and who the marketplace serves changes the odds sharply. Consumer-facing marketplaces in our corpus are named in 42.1% of answers (11 brands, 2,764 answers); business-facing ones in 28.5% (8 brands, 1,920 answers). Same method, same engines, a 13.6-point gap set by buyer type alone.

On Walmart's second-quarter earnings call, CEO John Furner said customers using its Sparky assistant were up 70% year over year, and that customers who shop with Sparky spend 40% more per order than those who do not. Worldwide ecommerce was up 23% in the quarter.

SourceWalmart Q2 earnings call transcript, 27 August 2026 · Yahoo Finance

10
31 August 2026

The answer started eating the page

Google began auto-expanding AI Overviews to full height, pushing the classic links off the first screen.

What we measured, and where this is reported
What we measured

Gemini is already the most generous engine we measure - it names the brand in 41.9% of answers and makes it the leading recommendation in 22.8% (6,815 answers). It is also where the single largest snapshot move in this corpus sits: 29.1% visibility on gemini-2.5-flash against 50.5% on gemini-3.5-flash (bases 533 and 3,318, uncontrolled). The surface getting the most screen space is the one whose verdicts move furthest when the model changes.

Google confirmed it is auto-expanding AI Overviews to full height on some queries, loading the follow-up box by default and pushing the classic blue links down. For those queries the results page is now, in effect, an AI answer with links attached rather than a list with an AI summary on top.

Source9to5Google, 31 August 2026 · Search Engine Roundtable, 31 August 2026

Standing rule for this list

Ten entries, one quarter, no predictions. If an event has no measurement behind it, it does not appear here - it goes in the news feed like everything else. The pairing is the point.

For the CEO / Founder

Which two of these to care about

Number 7 and number 8. Paid placement arriving inside the answer sets a floor on what attention costs in this channel, and the assistant moving into the system of record is the moment the comparison question stops being typed by a human. Everything else on the list is weather; those two are climate.

For the CMO / Head of Marketing

The budget question this list answers

Number 6 is the one to read twice. Spend is already moving into AI visibility work at scale, against a headline number that is usually the branded-question figure quoted without the earned-question figure beside it. Ask which of the two any proposal is promising to move.

For the CRO / Head of Sales

Read number 8 before your next forecast

When the assistant sits inside the CRM, the comparison becomes a step in a workflow rather than a question someone types. On head-to-head questions - where the buyer already has two other names in mind - the brands we measure get named 14.7% of the time.

For the CPO / Head of Product

Where your surfaces sit in this

Numbers 1, 3 and 9. Citation is becoming a metered, litigated and increasingly paid supply chain, and the assistant is moving inside the retailer. Your catalogue and page structure are supply for that layer, not just destinations for traffic.

For the Head of Growth / SEO

What changed under your programme

Numbers 1, 4 and 10. The economics of being cited, the model versions behind the answers, and how much of the page the answer now occupies all moved inside one quarter. None of them are visible in a rank tracker, and all three change what a fixed piece of work is worth.

For the Head of Comms / PR

The two entries that are yours

Numbers 1 and 3. What the engines read is now being priced and fought over in court, and the surfaces in dispute are the same community, review and publisher domains that dominate our citation table. Earned coverage stopped being a soft metric this quarter.

12 · Questions execs ask

The questions executives actually ask.

Collected from measurement programmes and board conversations. Filtered to your role when one is selected above.

Is this just SEO with a new name?

No, and the difference is structural. Search returns a ranked list you sit somewhere on; an engine returns three to five names. There is no page two. A lot of SEO fundamentals still feed it - technical health, useful content, third-party references - but the unit of success changed from position to presence.

Can we pay to appear in AI answers?

Not in the organic answer. Paid placement is arriving as advertising alongside answers, which is a separate inventory. The recommendation itself is assembled from sources, which is why this is an earned problem with a measurement discipline attached.

What is a good score?

There is no universal good. Find your category's base rate in section 09 and your market's in section 10. Moving from the under-10% band to the 25-49% band is a credible first-year objective; category leadership in a quarter is not.

How fast does it move?

Slower than paid, faster than brand. Source work compounds over months, not weeks, and model updates can move a number in either direction without warning. That is why the honest unit is a trend against a frozen question set, not a single reading.

We rank #1 on Google. Doesn't that carry over?

Frequently not. Strong Google presence with weak AI visibility is the single most common pattern in our data. Different retrieval, different sources, different question.

Who owns this internally?

It sits across marketing, comms and product, which is why it is often unowned. The workable answer we see: marketing owns the number, comms owns the source work, product owns readability, and one person is accountable for the measurement cadence.

How do I report this to the board?

Three lines: the earned-lane rate per engine against a frozen question set, the movement since last wave, and what changed in between. Never a blended score, never a number without its base.

Should we block AI crawlers?

Blocking removes you from the retrieval layer that produces recommendations. There are legitimate reasons to restrict training crawlers specifically, but the two are different bots with different consequences - treat them separately.

Do our product pages even matter?

Yes, but as one input among many. Pages that answer a buyer's question directly, in liftable form, get quoted. Pages built purely for keyword coverage usually do not.

What if AI states something factually wrong about us?

Trace it to the source. Recurring errors almost always originate in a specific citable page - a stale directory entry, an old article, an unmaintained profile. Correct the source and the answers follow, though not instantly.

Do we need to be on Reddit?

Community platforms are among the most-cited sources in our corpus, so presence there is measurable. But participation has to be genuine and disclosed; the failure mode is a brand that gets removed and takes the reputation damage.

How is this different from what our agency already does?

Ask them three questions: which engines they measure, what the denominator is, and whether every number can be re-derived from stored answers. The answers separate measurement from storytelling quickly.

Can we attribute revenue to this?

Partially and honestly. AI-referred visits are traceable when a link is followed; the larger share arrives with no referrer because the buyer read the answer and came directly. The workable approach is a source question at intake plus referral tracking, reported as two separate numbers rather than one confident total.

Will this still matter in a year?

The mechanism - a small shortlist assembled from sources - has held across every model change we have measured. Which engines lead will shift. That the answer is short will not.

What do we do first, on Monday?

Measure honestly: a fixed set of real buyer questions across all four engines, stored so any number can be re-checked. Then read the citations behind the answers you lose. That list is the work order, and it is usually not on your own website.

What does the buyer see that we don't?

A named shortlist with reasons attached, assembled before they contact anyone. By the time a conversation starts, the comparison set has already been chosen for them.

13 · What this cannot tell you

What this data cannot tell you.

Published in the body of the report, not an appendix. If a figure here is wrong, these are the reasons it would be wrong.

1. This is a measured corpus, not a census

Every figure comes from questions run inside real measurement programmes. The industry and market mix reflects the brands we measure, not the world economy. Read category figures as 'in the categories we measured', never as global shares.

2. Retrieval, not training data

We measure what engines answer and cite today. We cannot see what a model absorbed during training, and neither can anyone outside the labs. Any vendor claiming to measure or directly change training-data presence is overpromising.

3. Answers move when models move

The model snapshot behind an answer changes. Figures are point-in-time for the stated window. The snapshot comparison in section 08 is deliberately labelled as uncontrolled.

4. Denominators are stated, always

Every figure names its base. Percentages appear only where a slice clears 400+ answers and 5+ distinct brands for any published percentage. Slices below the gate are excluded rather than published thin - which is why this edition publishes a rate for 6 industries and 6 markets out of the 58 and 35 measured.

5. Sentiment describes presence, not health

Sentiment is classified only on answers where the brand appeared. Brands with the weakest visibility generate too few mentions to be criticised, which can make absence look like safety.

6. No client is identified, anywhere

No client is named anywhere in this report. Domains are named only where they are general platforms appearing across many industries and markets; any domain that could identify a measured brand, its competitors or its category peers is excluded. Category and market rows require five or more distinct brands so that no single brand's result is visible. Category families are named only where they carry seven or more distinct brands, so no member is identifiable. Marketplace categories are labelled by buyer type rather than vertical for the same reason.

7. Corrections

Where a figure in a previous edition is superseded, the change is listed here with the reason. First edition: no corrections outstanding.

14 · Where this goes next

What the next edition will be able to answer.

This is the first edition, so parts of the picture are still thin. Three things change with the next one.

Movement, properly measured. This edition can show where brands stand. It cannot yet show how far a brand moves when the work is done, because that needs the same brand measured on the same question set more than once. Nothing is re-run for the report itself: the corpus grows from the measurement programmes that run anyway, and every brand on a monthly cadence adds a matched pair. Three brands had one this edition (section 08). The next edition will have more, which makes wave-over-wave movement its spine rather than a footnote.

More categories through the gate. Five category families and six markets cleared the publication threshold this time. Every new measurement programme adds brands to a category, and categories cross the line as they thicken. The edition after this one should carry roughly twice the chapters, on the same rules.

What the reshuffle actually costs. We can see that visibility shifts with model versions. What we cannot yet separate is the part caused by the model from the part caused by the brand. That needs a control group of unchanged brands measured across the same snapshot boundary, and it is the piece of method work we most want to publish.

If you want a specific category or market covered, the constraint is brands measured, not willingness. Categories reach the gate when enough brands in them are being measured.