Being recognised and being discovered are two different numbers.
A marketing read of 27,260 measured answers: what to report, what to ignore, and where the budget goes.
Some of the questions your buyers put to an AI already have your name in them. Most of them do not. The first group tells you whether you are recognised. The second decides whether you get found at all. Across our corpus the two are nowhere near each other: brands were named in 77.3% of answers to questions carrying their name, and 28.4% of answers to questions that did not (Figure 5).
Reported as one number, those two collapse into a figure that lands wherever the question mix puts it. That is what makes a single AI visibility score unsafe in a board deck: it moves when the questions move, and nobody in the room can see which of the two it is describing.
Then the engine problem. Gemini names brands in 41.9% of answers, Claude in 31.0% (Figure 1), and when a brand is visible anywhere the engines disagree 56.6% of the time (Figure 3). A vendor quoting one number without naming the engine has chosen an engine, and with it a number.
So where do the answers come from? The most-cited domains that clear our disclosure rule are communities, social platforms and review sites (Figure 7), and answers that failed to name the brand actually cited more sources on average, not fewer (Figure 9). Brand-identifying domains are excluded from that table, so read it as a view of the third-party layer. What the citation counts do not show is why an engine chose someone else.
The AI channel stopped being a curiosity this quarter. ChatGPT crossed a billion
weekly users in August, the advertising inside it reached a billion-dollar annualised run rate in
under 200 days, and Walmart told investors that customers shopping with its AI assistant spend 40%
more per order. Section 11 carries those ten events and where
each one is reported. Channels that size get measured as a matter of course. So we measured this
one. 27,260 answers put to ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini and Perplexity across five months,
every one stored, so every number in this report can be re-derived rather than taken on trust.
Your buyers ask an AI two kinds of question. One kind already has your name in it: is this
company any good, what do people say about them, are they worth the money. The other kind does not:
who should I use for this, what are my options, who is best near me. Showing up in the first means
you are recognised. Showing up in the second is the only thing that means you can be found by someone
who has not heard of you. We put both kinds to all four engines, for the same brands, over the same
five months. Brands were named in 77.3% of answers to the questions that carried their name, and 28.4% of
the ones that did not (Figure 5).
Both numbers are real, and that is the problem. Report them as one figure and it lands wherever
the question mix puts it, so a set weighted towards questions that already name the brand reads
healthier without anything changing about the brand. It is the difference between measuring whether
people like you and measuring whether people find you.
That gap matters because of what an AI answer is. A search engine returns a ranked list. An engine
returns a recommendation, usually a handful of names, and there is no page two of an answer. So the
question of where you rank became a narrower one of whether you are named at all, and then where you
sit among the few that are. We report both: named, and named first.
Then the number you do report turns out not to be one number. Gemini names the measured brand in
41.9% of its answers and Claude in 31.0% (Figure 1). Among
questions where the brand was named by any engine at all, the four failed to agree 56.6% of the time
(Figure 3). More than half the questions where the brand appeared
at all produced a mixed verdict rather than an agreed one.
The finding we did not expect is the one that reframes the problem. Answers that did not
name the brand carried more citations on average, not fewer: 10.26 domains against 9.07 for answers
that did (Figure 9). That comparison is not controlled for lane,
engine or category, so read it as a signal rather than an effect size. It does not measure how much an engine
retrieved, only how many domains it displayed. But the comfortable explanation, that absent brands
sit in thinner source environments, is not what the displayed counts show.
So who is being cited instead? We logged 84,809 cited URLs across
29,157 domains, and the most-cited domains that clear our disclosure rule are
communities, social networks and review sites (Figure 7).
Brand-identifying domains are excluded from that table, so treat it as a view of the third-party
layer rather than a ranking of every source. Presence on those platforms can be bought. Whether the
citation can be is not something this corpus sees: we observe which sources an engine cited, never
why it chose them.
And most brands are barely there. In over a quarter of our 204 measurements the brand was named
in fewer than one answer in ten; in just over half, fewer than one in four
(Figure 4). One measurement is one brand, its full question set,
all four engines, and a brand measured more than once counts more than once, so this is the shape of
the measurements, not the share of distinct brands.
And the ground moves underneath all of it. The model behind an answer changes, and across everything
we measured the visibility rate under one snapshot and the next differs by up to twenty points
(Figure 10). Hold the brand and the question constant and most of
that gap disappears: on the questions we asked under both models, Gemini changed its verdict on 36 of
242 and Claude netted zero (Figure 11). Both views say the
same thing about method: a number with no snapshot beside it cannot be re-checked.
Category and market rates differ widely. Wellness and organic retail brands are named in 77.1% of
their answers; medical centres in 22.2% (Figure 12). Brands in
Brazil sit at 69.0% and in London at 21.8% (Figure 19). Neither gap
is a verdict on the brands, and this corpus cannot say why: brand mix, category mix and how much local
source material exists are confounded in these rows. Pulling them apart needs a controlled comparison
we have not run yet.
If there is a single sentence in this edition, it is this. The one place we can see directly into
what an engine drew on, the citation table, is dominated by surfaces a brand does not own. We cannot
see everything an engine read, and we cannot yet show what moves it. That is what the next edition is
for.